Practice exercise #8

Topics: Natural disasters, Indirect Speech, Imperative.

Sub-topics: Direct Speech.

For this section I will make a review of the topics learned through on a exercise using all the structures, vocabulary and more to show my improvement at these topics.

 Indirect Speech: Imperative 

Sub-topics: Direct Speech

We use indirect speech to report what someone said without quoting the exact words. It applies mostly to orders. Don't use quotation marks when you write indirect speech.

Structure: 

Affirmative: Order + Infinive verb + Complement.

Negative: Order + Not + Infinitive verb + Complement.

An imperative in direct speech becomes an infinitive in indirect speech.

Example:

• Direct Speech: Peter said, "Be careful if you go out during the storm" / My mom said, "Use an umbrella"

• Indirect Speech: Peter said to be careful to go out during the storm. / My mom said to use an umbrella.

They said, "Read the weather report" / They said to read the weather report.

She says, "Don't go out without a full tank of gas" / She says not to go out without a full tank of gas.

Change the pronouns in indirect speech as necessary for logic:

Martin said, "Tell me as soon as you know" / Martin told me to tell him as soon as I know.

She told me, "Please call me when you get home" / She told me to call her when I get home.

MGMS 🌈🌸🌸🌸

Expressions: Natural Disasters

 Natural Disasters

A natural disaster is a situation where humans, animals and enviroment are in danger because the consequences of the natural phenomena: Earthquakes, Blizzards, Tornados, Flood and even pandemic phenomena.

1. Huge - Enormous: Something or someone is big.

   

   The Gashadokuro is a huge monster.
   The Gashadokuro is a enormous monster.

   
   
2. Casualties: People who are injured or killed in an event.

   

   The casualties of the flood.

   
   
3. Property damage: Destruction or harm to buildings, cars, and other things that belong to victims of an event.

   

   After the tornado, there was a lot of property damage.

   
   
4. Breaking news: Is used to describe the first news reports of an important event that is happening at the present. 

Let's see the breaking news.

MGMS 🌈🌸🌸🌸

Practice exercise #7

Topics: Ask about an article.

Sub-topics: Noun clauses, Embedded questions.

For this section I will make a review of the topics learned through on a exercise using all the structures, vocabulary and more to show my improvement at these topics.

 Noun clauses: Embedded questions

Sub-topics: Ask about an article

A question can be include in a noun clause. At the beginning of a noun clause, some expresions are used as an introducction to the embedded question:

- Tell me...

- I'd like to know...

- Could you tell me...?

- I can't remember...

- I don't understand...

- I wonder...

- I'm not sure...

- I don't know...

- Do you know...?

There are two ways of questions that can be embedded:

1. Yes/No questions ➡ Embedded Yes/No questions

Structure: Expression + IF + Subject + (Auxiliary) + Verb + complement

Examples:

• Is that magazine interesting ➡ Tell me IF that magazine is interesting.
• Did he like the article? ➡ I'd like to know IF he liked the article.
• Have you finished that newspaper? ➡ Could you tell me IF you've finished that newspaper?

     2. Information questions ➡ Embedded information questions

Structure: Expression + Wh question + Subject + (Auxiliary) + Verb + Complement

Examples: 

• What's the article about? ➡  I can't remember WHAT the article's about.
• Why have you decided to read it? ➡ I don't understand WHY you've decided to read it.
• Who's the writer? ➡ I wonder WHO the writer is.
• Whose magazine is it? ➡ I'm not sure WHOSE magazine it is.
• When was it written? ➡ I don't know WHEN it was written.
• Where is the writer from? ➡ Do you know WHERE the writer is from?

MGMS 🌈🌸🌸🌸

Practice Exercise #6

Topics: Reading for pleasure, Noun clauses.

Sub-topics: Recommend a book, Ways to describe a book.

For this section I will make a review of the topics learned through on a exercise using all the structures, vocabulary and more to show my improvement at these topics.

 Noun Clauses

We use "NOUN CLAUSES" for giving information about something. A noun clause is introduced by the word "THAT", a noun cluse it's a sentence inside another sentence.

Structure:

Subject + Verb + Complement + THAT + Subject + Verb + Complement.

Noun clauses often follow these verbs and adjecives:

Agree           Hear                                        Disappointed
Think           See                                           Happy
Believe       Understand                            Sad
Feel             Hope                                        Sorry
Suppose     Forget                                     Sure
Doubt          Remember                            Surprised
Guess          Know

Examples:

1. I didn't know THAT he wrote this book.
2. I think THAT Junot Diaz's novels are fantastic.
3. Did you forget THAT her biography was 500 pages long? 

When we speak or when the noun clause functions as a direct object, the word "THAT" may be omitted.

Examples:

1. I didn't know he wrote this book.
2. I think Junot Diaz's novels are fantastic.
3. Did you forget her biography was 500 pages long?

When we use short answers, we can use "SO" to replace a noun clause after the verbs THINK, BELIEVE, GUESS and HOPE.
Examples:

A: Does Stephen King have a new book out?
B: I THINK SO/ I BELIEVE SO/ I GUESS SO/ I HOPE SO.

(SO = I THINK Stephen King have a new book out)

Note: "SO" is only used for affirmative in all the verbs, but in negative we use: 

I DON'T THINK SO/ I DON'T BELIEVE SO/ I GUESS NOT/ I HOPE NOT. 

(I don't guess so/ I don't hope so) 

Finally, a noun clause can also be an adjective complement.

Examples:

1. It's interesting (THAT) she wrote a new book.
2. I'm surprised (THAT) he hasn't written a new novel yet.

At speaking, the stress in the sentence is pronunced in the verb.

There's a lot of words that can be used as a NOUN CLAUSE:

MGMS 🌈🌸🌸🌸

Recommend a book and ways to describe a book

 Recommend a book 

Sub-topic: Genres of books.

When we enjoy something, we share our passions with friends or family and we can have a dicuss about it. Reading is the perfect example of these situations.

Example:

Yui: Oh, hey Reiji, I didn't know you are here at the manor library. What are you searching for?

Reiji: Oh, dear Yui. I'm not here for something special, just my daily dracula biography reading. You know I just can't put it down. 

Yui: Oh yeah, I know, it's a real page turner.

Reiji: How about you? It's a surprise to see you here.

Yui: Oh don't mind me, I'm juuust ehm I'll just browse something interesting here. You know, it's a big library so I'm just keep going hehe. See you later.

Reiji: Wait! I know you're on something, I know you very well... Confess.

Yui: Waaaa, I'm sorry, I didn't want to hide something for you but you caught me. I just can't seem to get into the thriller books you said the other day, they just aren't my thing, so I came to give them back at their bookshelves. And I had shame to tell you, I know you enjoy reading and you can't get enough of books. Sniff*

Reiji: Oh Yui, you don't need to cry, it's fine dear. Here, what about search for something you like and we read it together? Sorry if I didn't ask you before.

Yui: Don't worry, I understand, I'm better now, thanks. Spending time with you always makes me happy.

Reiji: I'm glad, so what would you like to read?

Yui: Hmmmm let's see... What about... romance books? 

Reiji: (Oh no, those put me to sleep, they're my only weakness in my passion for reading, but I'll do it for her) 

Yui: Reiji?

Reiji: Oh hahaha well if it's what your heart desires, I will gladly do it.

Yui: u/////w/////u

 Genres of books

The books we read contain a lot of topics, information and more for all people's tastes, that's why we have them separated by genres. Let's see some of them.

• Fiction

Novels (Novelas)

Mysteries (Misterio)

Thrillers (Suspenso)

Romance (Romance)

Science-fiction (Ciencia ficción)

Short-stories (Historias cortas)

• Non-fiction

Biographies (Biografías)

Autobiographies (Autobiografías)

Travel (Viaje)

Memoirs (Memorias)

Self-help (Superación personal / Autoayuda)

MGMS 🌈🌸🌸🌸

Practice Exercise #5

Topics: The Passive Causative, Services.

Sub-topics: The Causative, Passive voice.

For this section I will make a review of the topics learned through on a exercise using all the structures, vocabulary and more to show my improvement at these topics.

 The Passive Causative

Sub-topic: The Causative, The Passive voice

This grammar focuses on the object rather than the subject of the sentences. It uses some of the PASSIVE VOICE structure. 

(Active voice: Subject + Verb + Object = John plays the piano - Passive voice:  Object + To be + Verb in past participle = The piano is played (by John))

Estructure: Subject + GET (GOT, GOTTEN) / HAVE (HAD) + Object + Verb in past participle + (Complement)

Ex: 

• The U GOT the plattform bought (by the students) 
• The U HAD the plattform bought (by the students)
• We HAD our picture taken afer the meeting.
• They plan to HAVE the offices paid for dinner.
• CAN she HAVE her x-rays given this morning?

CAUSATIVE VS PASSIVE CAUSATIVE

We have to learn in which situations we need to use CAUSATIVE or PASSIVE CAUSATIVE and know their differences clearly.

1. I'm having some documents copied right now.
2. She'll get her friend to repair her bicycle right now.
3. Can I have this annoucement printed this morning?
4. He needs to have his pants lenghtened today.
5. She wants to get the tailor to shorten her red dress right away.
6. Can we have a professional paint this room?
7. Can I get my sweater dry-cleaned in 24-hours?
8. They should get someone to frame your picture.

MGMS 🌈🌸🌸🌸