Grammar

 Indirect Speech: Say - Tell

Sub-topics: Direct Speech

As we know "Indirect Speech" is used when you say something that other person said without using the exact words, for this cas we use the verbs "Tell" when we mention the listener in a sentence, and we use "Say" when we don't.

Structure: Subject + SAY / SAID + Infinitive verb + Complement

Structure: Subject + TELL / TOLD + Listeners + Infinitive verb + Complement 

Example: 

• The teacher SAID to open our books. (Listeners not mentioned)

• The teacher TOLD the students to open our books. (Listeners mentioned)

We use SAY and TELL are in the past sentence, the verbs in the indirect statement often changes.

Present → Past

Structure: Subject + Said + (That) + Object + Verb in past + Complement

Structure: Subject + Told + Listener(s) + (That) + Object + Verb in past + Complement

• They SAID, "The weather IS awful." → They SAID (that) the weather WAS awful.

Past → Past Perfect

Structure: Subject + Said + (That) + Object + Had + Past participle verb + Complement

Structure: Subject + Told + Listener(s) + (That) + Object + Had + Past participle verb + Complement

• Dan SAID, "We all HAD the flu." → Dan SAID (that) they all HAD had the flu.  

Will → Would 

Structure: Subject + Said + (That) + Object + Would + Base form verb + Complement

Structure: Subject + Told + Listener(s) + (That) + Object + Would + Base form verb + Complement

• They SAID, "There WIL be snow tonight." → They SAID (that) there WOULD be snow tonight.

Can → Could

Structure: Subject + Said + (That) + Object + Could + Base form verb + Complement

Structure: Subject + Told + Listener(s) + (That) + Object +  Could + Base form verb + Complement

• My husband SAID, "You CAN come with me." → My husband SAID (that) I COULD come with him.

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Practice exercise #8

Topics: Natural disasters, Indirect Speech, Imperative.

Sub-topics: Direct Speech.

For this section I will make a review of the topics learned through on a exercise using all the structures, vocabulary and more to show my improvement at these topics.

 Indirect Speech: Imperative 

Sub-topics: Direct Speech

We use indirect speech to report what someone said without quoting the exact words. It applies mostly to orders. Don't use quotation marks when you write indirect speech.

Structure: 

Affirmative: Order + Infinive verb + Complement.

Negative: Order + Not + Infinitive verb + Complement.

An imperative in direct speech becomes an infinitive in indirect speech.

Example:

• Direct Speech: Peter said, "Be careful if you go out during the storm" / My mom said, "Use an umbrella"

• Indirect Speech: Peter said to be careful to go out during the storm. / My mom said to use an umbrella.

They said, "Read the weather report" / They said to read the weather report.

She says, "Don't go out without a full tank of gas" / She says not to go out without a full tank of gas.

Change the pronouns in indirect speech as necessary for logic:

Martin said, "Tell me as soon as you know" / Martin told me to tell him as soon as I know.

She told me, "Please call me when you get home" / She told me to call her when I get home.

MGMS 🌈🌸🌸🌸